Mongolia’s Coal Exports Faces a Fuel Supply Reality Check
- Amar Adiya
- 3 minutes ago
- 2 min read
Fuel shortages are emerging as a binding constraint on Mongolia’s coal exports, putting production targets and fiscal projections at risk.
Coal is the backbone of state revenue, yet persistent disruptions in fuel supply are colliding with plans to lift output.
This squeeze has intensified even as global oil prices softened in 2025, exposing how vulnerable Mongolia remains to external shocks.
The root cause is extreme import dependence. Mongolia sources all of its fuel from abroad, more than 90 percent of it from Russia, mainly via Rosneft. This concentration leaves Ulaanbaatar exposed to Russian domestic priorities, refinery maintenance cycles, and cross border logistics.
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