Mongolia Bets on an EAEU Trade Deal. Will It Broaden the Economy or Deepen Old Risks?

Mongolia is launching a three-year interim free trade agreement with the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union. Signed in June and ratified in December 2025, the pact grants duty-free access for 367 specified goods.

It is framed as a controlled experiment. The aim is to test Mongolian exporters in a larger market without overwhelming domestic producers.

The design favors Mongolia’s traditional, labor-intensive sectors. Meat and animal products, including horse meat, beef, and canned goods, now enter the EAEU and particularly Russia at zero duty, replacing tariffs of 15% to 50%. 

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